Global fossil fuel trade networks exhibit complex dynamics driven by economic forces, policy shifts, and sustainability challenges. However, most previous studies only focus on pre-SDG periods, leaving a gap in understanding how sustainability initiative reshape global trade connectivity. This study applies dynamic network analysis and graph analytics to examine structural shifts in fossil fuel global trade pre- and post-SDGs (2006-2023) using network centrality, modularity, and density metrics across 170,126 bilateral trade observations. To enhance analytical depth, multi-source data integration merges trade volumes, geographic metadata, and bilateral export relationships, constructing directed and weighted trade networks. The results reveal significant structural adaptations driven by global crises, such as COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine conflict, highlighting the resilience of fossil fuel trade networks. This study advances the understanding of network systems, dynamic trade behavior, and structural transitions, offering insights for policymakers navigating global energy trade amidst sustainability imperatives. It aligns with network systems, dynamic systems analysis, and optimization methodologies, bridging global trade analysis with technological frameworks to better understand trade network evolution.